tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79076700600637677402024-02-21T19:09:28.409-08:00East-West School for Herbal and Aromatic StudiesJade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comBlogger8125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-75419744748912743382010-05-18T05:55:00.000-07:002010-05-18T06:25:11.400-07:00May.... An Aromatic Feast<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div> The following is for the Blogfest created by Roxana Villa for May Flowers. <br />
<a href="http://journal.illuminatedperfume.com/2010/04/may-flowers.html">http://journal.illuminatedperfume.com/2010/04/may-flowers.html</a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOzHbT_TGhb45gvikGKnGkbNTxauIaZ0lQ1kwk7SUW6jeBfX_Y74XcwHZCzcYQjo7v8ROC73UXPWwNEXjgqSeF2opvNxLiNZAfJtVcBoa70loyoOrmLfsHjC-77q_c9dgW0r46U2D1mriI/s1600/CartePostal.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOzHbT_TGhb45gvikGKnGkbNTxauIaZ0lQ1kwk7SUW6jeBfX_Y74XcwHZCzcYQjo7v8ROC73UXPWwNEXjgqSeF2opvNxLiNZAfJtVcBoa70loyoOrmLfsHjC-77q_c9dgW0r46U2D1mriI/s320/CartePostal.jpg" /></a></div><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7B52pIpL9wlkCB27XpSznAdxn_x-SnFz6ZZo1I3t5LSAjUZRpmvLBbDMQEdDL5T06fwK3HZamromJ5dJ76bpVGmylyMGJW_Uc3aEHtAryLPe9n6FMoEwNQ3jH5hycJyM5YQiXVujbos-h/s1600/IMG_5278.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7B52pIpL9wlkCB27XpSznAdxn_x-SnFz6ZZo1I3t5LSAjUZRpmvLBbDMQEdDL5T06fwK3HZamromJ5dJ76bpVGmylyMGJW_Uc3aEHtAryLPe9n6FMoEwNQ3jH5hycJyM5YQiXVujbos-h/s200/IMG_5278.JPG" width="200" /></a></div>I walk outside this evening after a day of heavy much needed rain. The relief the plants and the earth feel is apparent. All that is green seems more at peace, a collective ahhhh! Rain. As I walk all my senses are ignited by the beauty of the visual display of flowers and plants just beginning to bud, the aroma of the intoxicating Japanese honey suckle (<i>Lonicera japonica</i>) which covers the back of our property, and the feel of the plants as I lean over to touch them, to bring their aroma closer to my nose. Spring is such a divine season for plants and also for humans to spend time discovering them.<br />
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I head over to the honeysuckle. Breathing in, its sweet aroma carries me away into a world of sensuality and dream. I see my son and I picking flowers one by one to enjoy the dew drop of sweet nectar we gently pull from its inside. Just one drop, one tiny drop. A moment of bliss.<br />
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Continuing my walk I look around to the back garden, I pick a few German chamomile (<i>Matricaria recutita</i>) flowers. Small, unassuming, gentle appearance with a white flower and yellow center, she has a subtle apple sweet hay aroma. It speaks: rest, sleep, rest your moving feet. Around it sits Calendula (<i>Calendula officinalis</i>), with its strong presence and simple flowers. Bright orange and radiant yellow, the aroma, bitter/earthy/sweet pungent, spreads from its core, up the stems and into the flower.<br />
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As I leave I note a few other aromatic plants which live in this section of the garden: Cilantro (<i>Coriandrum sativum</i>) and parsley (<i>Petroselinum crispum</i>) with their bold edible aroma. Inspires me to make something to eat, perhaps a ragù alla Bolognese sauce or black bean tortillas.<br />
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I walk along the side of our home observing with excitement the 7 plus buds preparing to bloom on our Gardenia (<i>Gardenia sp</i>.) plant. It is early for her. She will open her buds soon and my son and I will rejoice at the beauty of her aroma. My son calls her flower: miss gardenia and he loves to put one in water to place by his bed while he sleeps. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0aVzWp8yaLlQIncDSfhwX16OQOuyKCcSEY_Lj4NZNj5DiIoo-W7bPoX82XCFLyZ3EtNynQsF_ZSxG32hjLpXo0Sx8cG1jdfrL-V4OGHV0lVQxZimzPx0pK-MT7KSxlNTvQEYBfE4Hg7iN/s1600/IMG_5350.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0aVzWp8yaLlQIncDSfhwX16OQOuyKCcSEY_Lj4NZNj5DiIoo-W7bPoX82XCFLyZ3EtNynQsF_ZSxG32hjLpXo0Sx8cG1jdfrL-V4OGHV0lVQxZimzPx0pK-MT7KSxlNTvQEYBfE4Hg7iN/s320/IMG_5350.JPG" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>In the front garden I witness the Buddha amongst the sea of white yarrow (<i>Achillea millefolium</i>), simple yet bold in depth of aroma, my prized blueberry (<i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i>) (five others reside in the back gardens) plentiful with fruit this year, a single vibrant pink Echinacea (<i>Echinacea augustifolia</i> or <i>E. purpurea</i>) stands tall amongst her sisters yet to bloom, and close by, a bushy pink peony (<i>Paeonia</i> ssp.) already flowered and now with only her rich green leaves remaining. Next to her is my single rose (Rosa ssp.) bush, its arms reaching up, holding its delicately fragranced yellow roses. The beetles have not come yet so it is with much delight that I have harvested a number of her roses to adorn our kitchen table. The yellow roses and pink peonies have delighted our senses for many nights now. A lone oregano plant attempts to spread amongst the yarrow.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTeYA7uXzYOYHu1mz5C_4g-wC1LbM-sYH4tmbTDelTCg4WWAsZ5HchfYF0xaDSLw3dNwaswzmPu_3yAQHghWM6foyTU8R8WYPzQUtXpKxwlKdPOwm5pPP2KYKZnksRYDWLEc0_uYjq7sOY/s1600/IMG_5268.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTeYA7uXzYOYHu1mz5C_4g-wC1LbM-sYH4tmbTDelTCg4WWAsZ5HchfYF0xaDSLw3dNwaswzmPu_3yAQHghWM6foyTU8R8WYPzQUtXpKxwlKdPOwm5pPP2KYKZnksRYDWLEc0_uYjq7sOY/s320/IMG_5268.JPG" /></a></div>The next bed contains another peony which displays the last pink flower of the season. I have watched the peonies grow with fascination this year. They are interesting as no sooner have the flower buds arrived ants appear all over them. I learned that ants are drawn to the sweet nectar of the peony buds. They do no harm and some believe they help the buds to open. As soon as the flowers open most of the ants are gone. Moonstruck peony website reports that “According to legend, the peony emanated from the moon. Its glossy seeds supposedly shine through the night too, offering protection from devils, nightmares, and other terrors of darkness. Known as "the blessed rose," the peony also purportedly guarded against illness, injury, and insanity. The superstitious wore beads, carved from the flower's roots, as amulets.” I have read elsewhere that peonies would often be grown along walkways leading up to the entrance door to ward off evil spirits or negative forces. I am not surprised, peonies seems to have a way of transforming the negative into beauty, kindness and peace.<br />
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As this bed stretches out it is filled with lots of Echinacea not yet flowering, a new young peony, Melissa (<i>Melissa officinalis</i>), Lavender (<i>Lavandula angustifolia</i> and <i>L. stoechas</i>), Feverfew (<i>Tanacetum parthenium</i>), sweet Stevia (<i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>), fragrant Asters (<i>Aster spp</i>.) and in the corner at the end, a large rosemary bush (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i>) which blessed us with glorious vibrant deep blue flowers this year. My son loves the stevia and was so excited to see it emerge again this year.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCFYBH_kTBACP662sXfEkd3E_WE9mOTdYpJZth3YECbyhkRBlSMblA7UBshyphenhyphen66sff76lGbMqu9cVqdr-Pm-z_LWyf9Ysh9caeYrp44aGGDqrnUgQLu6hspYNKvNVhu3YZr84Tjiyp1Wkx2/s1600/IMG_5271.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhCFYBH_kTBACP662sXfEkd3E_WE9mOTdYpJZth3YECbyhkRBlSMblA7UBshyphenhyphen66sff76lGbMqu9cVqdr-Pm-z_LWyf9Ysh9caeYrp44aGGDqrnUgQLu6hspYNKvNVhu3YZr84Tjiyp1Wkx2/s200/IMG_5271.JPG" width="150" /></a></div>In my last bed which resides across from these two, yarrow continues leading to the center with a southern growing lilac (which has not flowered this year) and more Echinacea. In a pot near the stairs of our front door resides peppermint (<i>Mentha</i> x <i>piperita</i>). My son and I sit and pick leaves off occasionally to smell and to eat. He needs a pot else he take over the garden. <br />
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As I close this piece I take a deep inhalation, smelling the moistness left by the rain, feel the cool air, and reflect on all these incredible aromatic, medicinal and edible plants which bless our life and provide us with a path to reconnect with all that is wondrous and magical in the world. <br />
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I thank Roxana Villa for her contributions and inspirations to all of us who deeply love this earth and all that she provides.Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-17261038842643160652010-02-18T16:55:00.000-08:002010-02-18T17:05:06.169-08:00<span style="font-weight: bold;">Ravintsara vs Ravensara: What’s the difference?</span>
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<br />I have been asked several times over the past couple of months about the difference between Ravintsara and Ravensara. This is my attempt at understanding the differences, the misinformation and the controversy of these two essential oils.
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<br />Ravintsara and Ravensara are both obtained from trees belonging in the Lauraceae family. The Lauraceae species are mostly trees or shrubs with a few parasitic climbers which lack true leaves. They grow in tropical and subtropical regions. The family consists of approximately 50 genera and 2500 species. (Avocado: <span style="font-style: italic;">Persea americana</span> also belongs in the Lauraceae family.)
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<br />The Lauraceae family includes camphor (Cinnamomum camphora ‘Monum’), cinnamon (<span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum zeylanicum</span>), bay laurel (<span style="font-style: italic;">Laurus nobilis</span>), rosewood (<span style="font-style: italic;">Aniba rosaeodora</span>), ho wood (<span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span>), may chang (<span style="font-style: italic;">Litsea cubeba</span>), Ravensara (<span style="font-style: italic;">Ravensara aromatica</span>), Ravintsara (<span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span>).
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<br />Let’s begin with the <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum</span> genus then we will explore the Ravensara connection.
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<br />The term ‘<span style="font-style: italic;">cinnamomum</span>’ is derived from the Greek root ‘kinnamon’ or ‘kinnamomon’ meaning sweet wood. The genus <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum</span> has approximately 250 different species, many of which yield a volatile oil on distillation. The composition of the oil, and therefore its value and the use to which it is put, depends very much on the species that is distilled as well as the part of the plant which is utilized. The most important Cinnamomum oils in world trade are those from <span style="font-style: italic;">C. verum</span> syn. <span style="font-style: italic;">C. zeylanicum</span> (cinnamon bark and leaf oils), <span style="font-style: italic;">C. cassia</span> (cassia oil) and <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora </span>(Ravintsara, camphor and Ho oils). The latter species provides oils which are utilized as sources of chemical isolates.
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<br />The camphor tree is native to China, Japan, and Taiwan. It was heavily exploited as a source of camphor in Japan and Taiwan until the Second World War. Trees were felled and logs, stumps and branches distilled to give crystalline camphor and camphor oil. According to Dalby, camphor was once among the most sought-after of aromatics. Roots, branches, leaves, and wood of <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora</span> can be used for extracting camphor and camphor oil for pharmaceutical use and as a flavoring.
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<br />NOTE: Traditional uses of camphor are varied, but relate mainly to colds, influenza (flu), fever, pneumonia, inflammation and diarrhea. Externally the oil is specifically used to treat rheumatic conditions of the muscles; internally for circulatory disorders. It is used both internally and externally against inflammation and congestion of the respiratory system.
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<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span> produces a wide range of essential oils as evidenced above. The essential oils extracted from <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora</span> include:
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<br />1. Camphor (Japan),
<br />2. Ho wood or leaf oil (China),
<br />3. Sassafras (China: called Chinese sassafras)
<br />4. Ravintsara (Madagascar)
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<br />The essential oils differ in their chemical profile depending on the country of origin as well as the part of the plant used to extract: leaf or wood/bark. For instance, Japanese <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora</span> tends to be rich in the chemical ‘camphor’ upwards of 50%. The Japanese camphor tree is commonly called the ‘Hon-Sho camphor tree”.
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<br />To make things more interesting, there are at least four recognized chemotypes of <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora</span> including:
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<br />1. ct. 1,8 cineole (eucalyptol): around 55-76% 1,8 cineole with 20% alpha-pinene and alpha-terpinene (this is Ravintsara oil)
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<br />2. ct. linalol: around 80% linalol and 10% monoterpenes (this is ho wood or leaf essential oil)
<br />The use of C. camphora as a source of Ho leaf oil, on the other hand, has expanded in recent years and it is now an important source of natural linalool (which is still preferred over the synthetic form for some fragrance applications). Chinese Ho oil has largely displaced the use of rosewood as a source of natural linalool.
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<br />3. ct. safrole: around 80% safrole and 10% monoterpenols (called Chinese sassafras oil)
<br />NOTE: Chinese sassafras is obtained not has a whole oil but as a safrole-rich fraction from the crude oil distilled from C. camphora. The principal use of Chinese sassafras oil is as a raw material for the isolation of safrole. Safrole is converted by the chemical industry into two important derivatives: heliotropin, which is widely used as a fragrance and flavouring agent, and piperonal butoxide (PBO), a vital ingredient of pyrethroid insecticides (insects and mosquitoes).
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<br />4. ct. nerolidol: 40-60% nerolidol with 20% each of mono and sesquiterpenoids
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<br />Returning to country of origin: The <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span> tree growing in Madagascar tends to be rich in 1,8 cineole. This chemical chemotype has been given the name: Ravintsara. It is not called camphor oil due to this difference in chemical composition.
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<br />Although Behra and Rakotoarison state the chemotypes of the <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora</span> species, it also appears that fractionation of the mother essential oils gives two different essential oils: White camphor is the first distillation fraction which is a colorless or nearly colorless liquid with a cineole-like odor. Brown camphor is a fraction with a boiling point higher than that of camphor and it is a pale yellow to brown liquid with the odor of sassafras oil.
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Now to Ravensara: <span style="font-style: italic;">Ravensara aromatica</span></span>
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<br />According to Burfield the situation regarding the exact botanical identification of the source (s) of Ravensara essential oil has previously confused and even lead to arguments amongst some learned and academic researchers (let alone aromatherapists!) and has been the subject of a number of articles. He goes on to report that the Ravensara genus now contains about 30 endemic Malagasy species. <span style="font-style: italic;">R. aromatica</span> is found as an aromatic tree growing to a height of 20m. at elevations of 700-1000m in humid evergreen forests in the East of the island of Madagascar with a few stands growing on the Eastern coasts. The tree has fragrant leaves, bark and nuts.
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<br />Burfield reports that the confirmed chemistry of the bark oil from this species (<span style="font-style: italic;">R. aromatica</span>) contains up to 90% methyl chavicol. Ravensara aromatic leaf essential oil, on the other hand, has been reported by Behra and Rakotoarison (2001) to contain 53-68% 1,8 cineole supported by a number of monoterpenes. Burfield, however, dismisses this based upon analysis by Ramanoelina e. al. (2006) who analysed 5 <span style="font-style: italic;">Ravensara aromatica</span> leaf oils all of which contained a high (upwards to 80-92%) methyl eugenol content. This lends itself to the idea that there may be chemotypes of this species, similar to the <span style="font-style: italic;">C. camphora</span> species.
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<br />So where does this leave our beloved <span style="font-style: italic;">Ravensara aromatica</span>? I am not quite sure. My brain is swimming in all the information I have been reading about it and as I review my much trusted suppliers of essential oils (from www.fragrantearth.com to www.originalswissaromatics.com and www.florihana.com) I find that none of these suppliers sell R. aromatica. In fact, www.florihana.com lists the Latin binomial of Ravintsara as: <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span> ravintsara (ex:Ravensara aromatica).
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<br />The confusion continues….. For now, my own personal recommendation would be to only purchase <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span> commonly called Ravintsara and avoid the purchase of <span style="font-style: italic;">R. aromatica </span>until such time as more information is available or you can get a full gas chromatography report on the essential oil you are purchasing.
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Applications for Ravintsara: <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span></span>
<br />In researching all of the above information, I have also found the information on the application of both Ravensara and Ravintsara to differ from website to website. On Natures Gifts site: Marge Clark writes:
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<br />“<span style="font-style: italic;">RAVENSARA AROMATICA</span> also Agathophyllum aromatica, leaves, wild, Madagascar: There is no oil more useful for combating the flu, or any sort of respiratory virus, preferably in a bowl of warm water with the aromatic steam inhaled. STRONGLY antiviral. Useful for chronic respiratory conditions, and sometimes helpful in cases of asthma. (try this with care, as ANY essential oil can trigger an attack with some subjects.) Many authorities recommend Ravensara aromatica blended with Calophyllum as the best treatment for shingles. We have had terrific feedback from clients using this combination. (END of QUOTE)
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<br />However, the statements above should really be connected with Ravintsara and not with <span style="font-style: italic;">Ravensara aromatica</span>. I believe it was Kurt Schnaubelt who popularized the application of <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span> and Calophyllum for the treatment of shingles. Ravintsara is rich in 1,8 cineole making it incredibly beneficial for the respiratory system. According to www.originalswissaromatics.com on the essential oil of Ravintsara (<span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span>): “The oil is nontoxic, nonirritant, effective antiviral agent and safe nerve tonic. It is effectively used to ease Shingles outbreaks, best applied topically with in a 50:50 blend with Calophyllum inophyllum.”
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<br />Remember from above, Ravintsara from <span style="font-style: italic;">Cinnamomum camphora</span> contains 55-76% 1,8 cineole. According to Harris , 1,8 cineole is known to possess the following properties:
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<br />- Antimicrobial (marginal activity)
<br />- Antiviral
<br />- Antitussive
<br />- Bronchodilatory
<br />- Mucolytic
<br />- Ciliary transport promotion
<br />- Anti-inflammatory
<br />- Lung function improvement
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<br />Ravintsara can be effectively used for the following actions: Antibacterial, anti-infectious, antispasmodic, antiviral, expectorant, immune stimulant, nervine
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">
<br />Core aromatic applications include:</span>
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<br />Lymph/immune system: lowered immunity
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<br />Musculoskeletal system: muscular aches and pains, arthritis
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<br />Nervous system: herpes simplex, shingles, neuralgia, stress and stress-related conditions
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<br />Respiratory system: bronchitis, catarrh, sinusitis, allergies, influenza, common cold
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<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">
<br />Safety and Ravintsara</span>
<br />As with all essential oils rich in oxides, oxidation can increase the likelihood of dermal irritation or sensitization. Care should be taken when applying to individuals who have asthma. Avoid application to the face or in steam on children under the age of 5.
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<br />According to Florihana.com, Ravintsara is contra indicated by oral route to children under 6 years old. Contra indicated by oral route in pregnant women. No cosmetic use.
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<br />References:
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mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> www.fao.org/docrep/v5350e/v5350e04.htm</span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> www.fao.org/docrep/v5350e/v5350e04.htm</span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> Dalby, A. 2000. <i style="">Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices.</i> Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.</span></p> <span style="font-family: arial;font-size:78%;" ><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Van Wyk B. and Wink, M. (2004). Medicinal Plants of the World. Portland, OR: Timber Press, Inc</span>
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115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> http://www.fao.org/docrep/v5350e/v5350e12.htm</span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> Behra O. & Rakotoarison, C. (2001). Ravintsara vs Ravensara: A Taxonomic Clarification. The International Journal of Aromatherapy 11,1.</span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> http://designer-drugs.com/pte/12.162.180.114/dcd/chemistry/safrolefaq.html</span></p> <meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5COwner%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="themeData" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5COwner%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx"><link style="font-family: arial;" 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mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> <a href="http://www.cropwatch.org/">www.cropwatch.org</a>. Burfield, Tony. Ravensar-Ravintsara Confusion. Retrieved on November 8, 2009 from: http://www.cropwatch.org/Ravensara-Ravintsara%20Confusion%20Update%201.pdf</span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoFootnoteText"><span style="font-size:78%;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span> <a href="http://www.naturesgift.com/essential/descriptionp-r.htm#RAVENSARA#ixzz0WIdTf1Dc"><span style="font-size: 9pt;">http://www.naturesgift.com/essential/descriptionp-r.htm#RAVENSARA#ixzz0WIdTf1Dc</span></a></span></p><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 12"><link style="font-family: arial;" rel="File-List" 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font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family: arial;font-size:78%;" ><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style=""><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;"> Harris, B. (2007). 1,8 cineole – a component of choice for respiratory pathologies. International Journal of Clinical Aromatherapy 4,1: 3-8.</span></span>Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-81641668145954666592009-12-05T15:12:00.000-08:002009-12-05T16:35:15.951-08:00Advent: Blog-a-roma<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZsvXAPARnFxMwsP3AS3U7SK-0wN9hg_2TILHXQ67sDV0UBvai8QGUMQ7VvAC7NZi8Senx3QEhtM-H9XTmq0Teny31bADSXUTw2k-_DhpIoTEOEA-pK9jkC6cI1MlHsZAksIgO_Lk0vyZF/s1600/Blogo-o-rama_Advent.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 373px; height: 463px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZsvXAPARnFxMwsP3AS3U7SK-0wN9hg_2TILHXQ67sDV0UBvai8QGUMQ7VvAC7NZi8Senx3QEhtM-H9XTmq0Teny31bADSXUTw2k-_DhpIoTEOEA-pK9jkC6cI1MlHsZAksIgO_Lk0vyZF/s1600/Blogo-o-rama_Advent.jpg" alt="" border="0" /></a>
<br /><a href="http://journal.illuminatedperfume.com/2009/11/adventure-ahead.html">http://journal.illuminatedperfume.com/2009/11/adventure-ahead.html</a>
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font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--><meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="OneNote.File"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft OneNote 12"> <p style="margin: 0in;font-family:Calibri;font-size:11pt;">“<span style="font-style: italic;">Plants mean nothing in isolation; they are a life-form rooted in and identified by their community, by their relationships to and interactions with all other life on Earth</span>”. (Buhner)</p><p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">
<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I have just returned from the Holiday Faire at Emerson Waldorf School in Chapel Hill, NC. A grand gathering of artisans, children, parents and teachers all dedicated to the passion and excitement of learning and discovery. Since I had been pondering how to weave the growth of community in this advent writing it was perfect to begin the morning with active participation in a community.
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<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Like plants, humans also mean nothing in isolation. We are a life-form rooted in and identified by our community, by our relationships to and interactions with all other life on earth. During the holiday season between Thanksgiving and Christmas (and St. Nicholas day) we are called to reflect on our earthly community: the minerals, plants, animals, elements, and humans of the world.
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<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In my own reflections of community I ask myself: how may I be instrumental in creating community? How may I be of service? How may I share my knowledge and time in communities which need it the most? How does community build the idea of service? The tide of the holidays is strong and in its strength it can sometimes divide more than bring together, it can isolate the self in the fear of ‘not having’, how can I be a representative that what we have inside is of far greater value than what we can obtain outside ourselves? And how can I contribute to the creations of individuals rather than those of large corporations?</p><p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">
<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Since I entered the aromatic community over 20 years ago it has been a fascinating experience to witness the growth of so many dynamic aspects of the field. The aromatic community includes artisan natural perfumers, clinical aromatherapists, bath and body care product developers and makers, candle and soap makers, herbalists, psychologists, nurses, lay practitioners, and on and on. It is a large community, encompassing many philosophies, approaches, applications and beliefs.
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<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">I believe this diversity reflects the diversity found in the world of natural aromas and in the plants which give them forth. What unites this diversity in our community is the love, the passion and the dedication to plants and the natural world.</p><p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">
<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Unification, diversity, community: ah, what a great blend. In searching for an aromatic representation of this unification, diversity and community, the following comes forth:</p><p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">
<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A seed to be planted, in hopes of calling forth true intention in community: Carrot seed</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A root to ground and center us in our community and in life: Vetiver.</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A grass to clear our path: Lemongrass</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A wood to provide strength in difficult and challenging times: Cedar</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A berry to bring laughter and joy to our spirit: Juniper</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A fruit to cleanse, release and uplift the weary heart: Bergamot</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A leaf to move the breath of life throughout and within: Eucalyptus</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A resin to heal our sorrows and our wounds: Frankincense</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">A flower to hold our love together: Rose</p><p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">
<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">In closing, I would like to thank Roxana for her ability to gather community in a common cause and purpose and for her always eloquent and thought provoking writing.
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<br /></p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;"> </p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-style: italic; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">Happiness is a perfume which you cannot pour on someone without getting some on yourself.</p> <p style="margin: 0in; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt;">- Ralph Waldo Emerson</p> Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-88294210090590934202009-08-29T03:02:00.000-07:002009-08-29T03:17:21.510-07:00<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKyVzF2yQoqWzqOT9Rg-0sUYuwClJ8Gky_wM2kWWWFcLxum4ARNtPhowEDTTFq5-Bukl2iCSwb99jxgg14e7yahMZzNNd8GO2x1xlwRWJv0ya4XNxMzvm0XKzoQ-rmh3JGQ1y5LLk_Xflf/s1600-h/IMG_5428.303.JPG"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKyVzF2yQoqWzqOT9Rg-0sUYuwClJ8Gky_wM2kWWWFcLxum4ARNtPhowEDTTFq5-Bukl2iCSwb99jxgg14e7yahMZzNNd8GO2x1xlwRWJv0ya4XNxMzvm0XKzoQ-rmh3JGQ1y5LLk_Xflf/s320/IMG_5428.303.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5375324473919551138" border="0" /></a>'Tis the season for Golden rod. It is scattered throughout North Carolina. I was also amazed at its prolific presence in Massachusetts as well. In the heat of the last full month of summer, golden rod (often confused with ragweed) reflects the suns rays and warmth.<br /><br />Golden rods Latin name is: Solidago virgaurea Another species Solidago canadensis can also be found here in North America.<br /><br />Solidago offers its medicine in its dried above ground parts collected during flowering. It is a strong diuretic and is used to treat kidney and bladder infections. A tea can be made using 2-3 grams of the dried herb, steeped in hot water. For its diuretic properties, one can drink it 3-5 times a day. Goldenrod has also been used in cough medicines and antirheumatic preparations.<br /><br />Its active ingredients include a mixture of flavonoids, phenolic glycosides, a volatile oil (with mostly monoterpenes), organic acids and polysaccharides.<br /><br />Suzanne Catty has written about its properties as a hydrosol. She recommends it for its strong diuretic properties and says taken internally it may aid the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. Topically, it can be used as a compress for fluid retention and uric acid in the joints and tissues. The hydrosol of goldenrod is also a strong anti-inflammatory and moderate antispasmodic for sore muscles, stiff neck, tendonitis, and repetitive strain injuries. On an energetic note: she comments that goldenrod carries the intense vibrations of heat and the sun, opens the solar plexus and diaphram, bringing a state of calm. (Hydrosols: The next aromatherapy).<br /><br />According to Catty, the internal use of the hydrosol should be avoided by those with extremely low blood pressure.Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-5701688332687233722009-06-18T10:50:00.000-07:002009-06-18T10:57:05.834-07:00Revisions and updates Aroma101Over the pastyears Cheryl Hoard, of Cheryls Herbs, and also an instructor for the East-West School for Herbal and Aromatic Studies, has been editing our courses. Being her usual busy self, with work<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixp5UI4TmqDbt1fnt0kUvYjYcxSxXg-Ep5FCXTNGi3rp4__pRCdy7_qtL8CrYKss3xZRqyE9U7NicfHiykzSPBV3ACypl7CF_AVyIKM0jueg4_GlqDX9_vPQQIpJm4ETCnCQrsz36yGSXw/s1600-h/Cheryl+Photo.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 108px; height: 125px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixp5UI4TmqDbt1fnt0kUvYjYcxSxXg-Ep5FCXTNGi3rp4__pRCdy7_qtL8CrYKss3xZRqyE9U7NicfHiykzSPBV3ACypl7CF_AVyIKM0jueg4_GlqDX9_vPQQIpJm4ETCnCQrsz36yGSXw/s320/Cheryl+Photo.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5348727739847376994" border="0" /></a>, teaching, playing for the orchestra, spending time with her family, and running a successful business, Cheryl has done a fabulous job editing the Aroma101 Foundations course. I am incredibly grateful. For those of you who know Cheryl she has an eye for detail. This morning I have finally completed entering the corrections and making necessary changes and updates. Thank you Cheryl!!!! I feel truly blessed for all the incredible women who represent and support the East-West School for Herbal and Aromatic Studies.Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-20744582433804912562009-06-16T13:30:00.000-07:002009-06-16T13:48:32.228-07:00What’s growing in your garden?By garden I mean anything from the actual garden that you planted on your land to the plants growing up through the cracks in the city (e.g. St. John’s Wort in the sidewalks of Seattle). Your garden includes the natural landscape which you can drive to, walk to, or happen to be in. This spring and summer I am encouraging each of you to spend time exploring all that is growing ‘right under your nose’.<br /><br />A number of years ago I had the great honor to study with Erin Groh, NW herbalist extraordinare. Throughout the herbal training program I learned about and came into contact with over 50 different species that grew right outside my door and on the land around me. Plants I once admired but did not know became alive and in communication with me. I began seeing, smelling, tasting, and touching each plant, getting to know it (and me, more deeply). Learning when to harvest it, how to make medicine from it, and most of all, how to respect the natural habitat it grew in by ensuring I honored ethical wild crafting.<br /><br />Learning herbal medicine along with aromatic medicine offers us an amazing journey and a great way to feel more empowered over our bodies and our medicine. What I realized most of all is the value of learning about the plants that grow right in your own back yard, so to speak.<br /><br />For me, aromatherapy has always been intricately connected to my relationship with plants. I am quite fond of sharing my experience of living in Boston, MA in an old brick apartment building. I had a fire escape outside my front windows and it was there that I grew as many medicinal and aromatic plants as would fit. And I always loved looking up as I walked home to see those incredible plants blooming. You can grow plants anywhere! For those who believe they have a 'black thumb', try Calendula, it grows no matter what :-)<br /><br />All of our instructors for the EWSHAS share this philosophy. Through our relationship with plants we deepen and enhance our connection with their aromatic extractions known as essential oils. When we moved to North Carolina I purchased the Peterson Field Guide to Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants and Herbs and began building my own medicinal gardens. For those of you in other areas, there are many Field Guides for all areas of this country. Check out www.amazon.com For those of you in the Pacific Northwest, I would highly recommend Michael Moore’s book “Medicinal Plants of the Pacific Northwest”.<br /><br />Since we arrived in early January I was able to begin observing what plants grew here as soon as spring began. Some of the plants I found on our land include: cleavers (YEAH), chickweed, lots and lots of chickweed, plantain (both narrow leaf and common), and of course, dandelion. We also had long leaf pine, honeysuckle, sweet gum, jewelweed, golden rod, and a few others.<br /><br />The plants I missed most from WA state were St. John’s and nettles. Two years after being here, I finally got around to buying some seeds and threw them out in different areas on our property. The next spring: no St. John’s Wort. But alas, NETTLES!!!!! Yes, stinging nettles. My favorite! I have already had one great harvest and they are dried and ready for tea.<br /><br />In my medicinal gardens which grow in several different beds I planted: German chamomile, Lavender, Clary sage, Basil (both common and Thai), Melissa, Thyme, Yarrow, Oregano, Marjoram, Borage, Rosemary, Feverfew, Rose, Lemon verbena, Scented geranium, Echinacea ang., and Stevia. I don’t always harvest these plants for medicine, but instead take time to observe how they grow, how they smell and taste, and to share them with my son, Soren. I love being able to walk out into the garden and pick a lavender leaf or flower and smell it or taste it or simply to admire its beauty, its simplicity. To stand there for a few moments really ‘listening’ to its aroma. Truly inspiring!<br /><br />Stephen Harrod Buhner believes “that the loss of connection to plants, to the land, to Earth, leaves the holes with which we are naturally born unfilled. No matter how much Ritalin or Prozac is poured into those holes, synthetic pharmaceuticals can never fill them; merely human approaches can never heal them. Pathologies come from the empty holes that are unfilled, from lack of contact and communication with the wild. The holes within us possess particular shapes - that of stone or tree or bear. It is not only plants that are our teachers and healers; not only plants that are among our community of life; not only plants that have a language we have long known.<br /><br />Without deep connection to the land our healers remain anthropocentric - human centered - in their approaches, their theories of human health generated in isolation from the environment with which we evolved. They contain the same category of error that all reductionistic sciences contain. The solution is reconnection to the natural world and the living intelligence of the land”. (The Lost Language of Plants, p.231)<br /><br />I often ponder the impact of all the technology in our life: facebook, my space, twitter, cell phones, email, internet, all things outside of ourselves, things we believe connect us to others and yet somehow not as connecting as we perhaps believe or need. Does technology contribute to our desire to reconnect with the natural world or does it further separate us from it?<br /><br />As I end this part of our newsletter, I would like to encourage each of you to be sure to get out and visit with the medicinal herbal and aromatic plants in your area by visiting gardens or natural environments or even planting some in your own back yard or ‘fire escape’. Take time to listen, to learn, to deepen your relationship with the natural world of plants and most of all, to smell, taste, touch and see their beauty.Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-5714656774840046592009-06-09T11:09:00.000-07:002009-06-09T11:22:09.467-07:00Taking care of selfI have had a sinus infection for the past month or two. Chronic nasal congestion, post nasal drip, and at times some great yellow/green mucus. Blowing my nose throughout the day, a dry cough, and general annoyance with my breathing. Last week it finally dawned on me that I have not done anything to really address what was happening. I just assumed it would take care of itself and eventually go away. But,,,,, noooooooo! It has not just gone away. It has simply become more annoying.<br /><br />So finally I took charge (LOL). I have been working for the past three days with steam inhalations of Eucalyptus globulus, Inula graveolens, Citrus limon, and Melaleuca alternifolia. For the first two days I was experiencing quite a bit of relief but still had this congestion deeper inside my nasal passages. Today (the third day) I am finally feeling like what has been deeper inside is coming to the surface for relief. I am doing steam inhalations about 3 times a day. Tonight I am also going to do a nasal salt cleanse. Stay tuned!<br /><br />Am looking forward to breathing freely and clearly again.Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7907670060063767740.post-64867483532081921922009-06-05T04:45:00.000-07:002009-06-05T05:16:19.769-07:00Nettles and blogging<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQOwpjYynP_1C4gzv7EPPI_P1tGYRo8aayNswzhZTQHd69-l0k_S59YGsf0m6vCfwVqdr4t_nJDYrzQdIS8SCjSLwhrd5d0Z1R7SB5m0Cg8sb4jV_Ypj1KSUxHYOWkzkr26hC1Oj4H_n5O/s1600-h/IMG_4360.JPG"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5343815703598369234" style="FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 240px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQOwpjYynP_1C4gzv7EPPI_P1tGYRo8aayNswzhZTQHd69-l0k_S59YGsf0m6vCfwVqdr4t_nJDYrzQdIS8SCjSLwhrd5d0Z1R7SB5m0Cg8sb4jV_Ypj1KSUxHYOWkzkr26hC1Oj4H_n5O/s320/IMG_4360.JPG" border="0" /></a><br /><div>I have decided to begin blogging to share experiences of deepening connections to the earth, plants, yoga and aromatic medicine. So here is to new experiences in the world of technology. Blessings, Jade</div>Jade Shuteshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04135445855228073601noreply@blogger.com